Organization behavior of Frontier Airlines Research Paper

Organization behavior of Frontier Airlines - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that for an organization to succeed in the realization of its goals and objectives, it must have a clear vision, mission, and proper strategies. Furthermore, all members of the organization must pursue to achieve a better state than its current situation. The underlying factor is improving future returns of the organization through consistent evaluation of a positive trend.   The southwest airline, therefore, has laid down appropriate measures that it perceived vital to operation and success in the industry.   Having worked to this company for 3years it is worth clarifying that Frontier Airlines operational success has been supported by consistent organizational transformation and motivation towards the leading airline in the United States and globally. The company has diversified from the usual simple concepts of hospitality and reservations to an institution that recognizes the effort of employees as a crucial component of an organiza tion. Moreover, southwest Airline values employees’ role in diversity. The organization values the need for change embraces the technology and believes that good leadership enhances productivity. The original southwest airline was founded in 1971 by two pioneers Rollin King and Herb Kelleher to plying the route through Dallas to San Antonio.   It gained popularity in the  1980s as the first airline that offered low-cost carriage by giving an  opportunity to the passengers’ discounts in their cost of freight per mile distance.

The Views of Adam Smith Essay Example for Free

The Views of Adam Smith Essay The views of Adam Smith, the Declaration of the Rights of Women, Declaration of Independence, and the Declaration of the Rights of Men have a few similarities and some differences. The similarities were difficult to find based on most of what Smith thinking was centered on economics. However, the works of Adam Smith and these three declarations all share a common theme on rights of human beings. For instance, Adam Smith was against slavery and his views were that he wanted it to be abolished. The thinking was on the same level thinking as was the three declaration views toward how men and women should be treated. The thoughts of all the authors were geared to place the individual before all; including profit. Adam Smith and the three declarations were quite different in many ways. One major difference among them were that the declaration were mainly concerning how individual should be treated. The declaration sought the government to be fair and just towards the treatment of both men and women. Whereas Adam Smith was in the infant stage of early economics and how capitalism could and would be fueled by human self-interest. Smith placed a lot of emphasis on what he termed as laws of the market; specifically addressing issues pertaining to goods that are produced for society. The declarations are pleading to the government for equal treatment in all phases of society, however the importance of the market is not the main concern in the declarations. Adam Smith is simply interested in how society managed to sustain itself through mechanism that are somewhat â€Å"invisible hand.† As Heilbroner 1999 questions, â€Å"How is it possible for a community in which everyone is busily following his self-interest not fly apart from sheer centrifugal force?† From these questions Smith was able to construct the laws of the market. Smith interest was in relation to how the individual interest and passion of men are in line with what society is in agreement with. The laws of the market is what Smith believes is the most influential part of society and its success or failure is based and dependent upon it. Smith see how an individual that is driven by self-interest in society coupled with similar motivated individuals will consequently end in competition. This competition directly leads to goods and quantities that society wants and desires. His intellect along years of studies and debating with some of the most gifted scholars of his time has granted to the conclusion that the self-interest and motivation of man solely for profit has to have a regulator to control the greed of profiteers. The regulator to which he defers to is called competition. Smith is able to see that for each man that wants to do the best for himself and reap maximum profits, will always be met the a similar individual with the same motives in mind. Smith views confirms with the views and demands of the authors of the three declarations. Smith was not in agreement with all the practices in his day as he displayed his understanding of the market and pre-capitalism. Even his day there those who would cheat the markets by rigging prices. He understood the exploitation of children for labor in the cotton mills were wrong. These practices was not his ideal way that the market and the future of should proceed but he knew that this the approach and the path in which it was following. It also confirm that even with the negatives that accompanied the market, these activities continued because society including felt that they were necessary evils attached to the overall progression of society. The Declaration of Man best describes the world as we know it today. This is based on the articles that are attached to this document. Although this declaration was drafted and written in 1789, some if not most of the pleas and demands are still being sought in today’s society. One of articles states, â€Å"That men are born and remain free and equal in rights.† However, this particle article was evident in society as late as the 1960s. During this time the Civil Rights struggle was need to simply grant Black (Negros) the right to vote, attend integrated schools, sit at the same lunch tables, or simply sit in the front of a public bus. The seventeenth article of the Declaration of Man states, â€Å"Since property is inviolable and sacred right, no one should be deprived thereof except where public necessity†¦..† This article also was not enforced until almost a one hundred years later and even then people of color ran into many obstacles when approaching property ownership. Even Smith time there was the rich who sole goal was to accumulate more wealth. Smith himself did not approve of giving to the needy or donation to charities. However Smith was not vain to believe in the accumulation of wealth simply to have more; Smith felt that capital was better suited to be invested into machinery to further the progress of the society.

Cultural Differences in Nonverbal Communication Essay -- Communication

When communicating, only a small percent of the exchange is verbal. The larger part of the message is made up of body language or movements, known as nonverbal communication. The reason for people using nonverbal communication is to enhance the message they are sending to the receiver. One way nonverbal communication differs is through cultural differences. Cultural differences have a significant impact on nonverbal communication as cultures differ greatly in their nonverbal interpretations and responses. Firstly, this essay will prove how kinesics can create barriers between people as types of nonverbal cues differ amongst cultures. It will then show that paralinguistics can be based on cultural expectations and this can create stereotyping in cross-cultural communication. Turning to haptics, it will then show that different perspectives on haptics can cause problems in a cross-cultural context. Finally, it will prove that because of different cultural norms, the use of proxemics can be misinterpreted, therefore proving that cultural differences have a significant impact on nonverbal communication. Kinesics refers to the study of body movements; an understanding of kinesics across culture requires a close look at posture, movement, facial expression, eye contact, and gestures (Tyler, Kossen & Ryan 2005). Particular kinesics do not signify the same meaning for all cultures, the meaning of any kinesics depends on the culture of the expresser and the observer. Kinesics varies from culture to culture; these differences can cause barriers between people from different cultures, it can also create barriers between two countries. For example, Bill Richardson tells of a time when he went to Iraq to negotiate the release of two U.S... ...Cited Delgado, R & Kobayashi, T 2011. Proceedings of the Paralinguistic Information and its Integration in Spoken Dialogue Systems Workshop. 1st ed. Springer. Richmond, V & McCroskey, J 2011. Nonverbal Behavior in Interpersonal Relations. 7th ed. Allyn & Bacon. Knapp, M & Hall, J 2009. Communication in Human Interaction. 7th ed. Wadsworth Publishing. Laver, J, 1994. Principles of Phonetics . Cambridge University Press. Remland, M, 2008. Nonverbal Communication in Everyday Life . 3rd ed. Allyn & Bacon. Hall, E, 1990. The Hidden Dimension. Anchor. Tyler, S, Kossen, C & Ryan, C 2002, Communication: A foundation Course, Prentice Hall, Sydney. Hall, E, 1990. Understanding cultural Differences: Germans, French and Americans. Nicholas Brealey Publishing . Harper, R, 1978. Nonverbal communication: The State of the Art. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Hypertext Fiction Essay -- Exploratory Essays

Hypertext Fiction When you read a typical paper book, your job as the reader is simply to read what the author tells you and understand it. Printed books are a linear way of telling a story, where the author chooses the exact way the story should be told and interpreted. Jay David Bolter discusses in his book Writing Space that hypertext fiction will redefine the relationship between the reader and the author of a text. With printed text, the reader has a clearly defined role, where he or she takes in the story exactly as it is told with no say as to where it is going or how they should interpret it. With the development of hypertext fiction, the reader can cross the line into being a sort of author by deciding between options in the story. The reader can create a story suited to them within the boundaries of the hypertext piece as a whole. When a printed text is read, the author becomes more of an authority figure. The author is the creator of the text and is held in high regard by the reader. However, in hypertext fiction, the author is basically creating a story where readers are free to move around and make their own choices about the story with a few limitations set by the author. Bolter describes it by saying on page 168, â€Å"†¦Hypertext writers have shown how the electronic medium can accommodate a different relationship between author and reader. No longer an intimidating figure, an electronic author assumes the role of a craftsperson, working with prescribed materials and goals. She works within the limitations of a computer system, and she imposes further limitations upon her readers†¦the reader may well become the author’s adversary, seeking to make the text over in a direction that the author... ...ver the reader. Hypertext does not take away the role of the author entirely, it simply blurs the line between reader and author that exists in written text. It is my personal belief that as time goes on, the role of the reader and the author will be more and more interchanged. With the boundary between the two already fading, it is possible that there will be hypertexts where someone can be a reader and a writer at the same time. Continuing advances in technology and writing will constantly redefine the roles of everyone involved, it is simply society’s decision to accept the changes that will keep blurring the line between the traditional reader and author. Bibliography Bolter, Jay David. Writing Space. 2nd ed. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2001. Fisher, Caitlin. These Waves of Girls. .

3G network based security threats Essay

The key threats for 3G networks in perspective of integration of networks are: Wireless LAN customer who does not have access to 3G networks get access to 3G services without subscription. WLAN user gains access to 3G network and creates issues such as Denial of Service WLAN user gains access to 3G network and uses impersonation for using the service but charging other customers. Manipulation of charging when services like calls are transferred from one network to another. Application and Data related threats. Collection of login details and personal details that are transmitted over the network by using sniffing tools and mechanisms, especially when sufficient transport security is not set. Manipulation of information used for user authentication or service access to gain access to unauthorised services or manipulation of billing. Extracts personal information that are used at other places such as credit card information. Obtain information about user such as permanent identity in the network. Virus attacks from WLAN devices to other devices in the network Trojans and malicious software passed from one end-device to another. For volume based charging model, a rogue partner can flood the user with garbage packets to increase the invoiced amount. Malicious programs on the user terminal that increases the traffic to certain sites or content to illegally increase the traffic. Security Considerations for 3G-WLAN Integrated Networks. The security framework for 3G-WLAN integrated networks consists of various layers. Each security layer is independent of the other layers. However, there needs to be an overall security scheme that connects all the security requirements together. Also, since some of the vulnerabilities can happen at multiple layers, a holistic approach and framework is required to address all the risks of the special network. Authentication security at the user terminal. The authentication scheme in the case of 3G-WLAN should be based on a challenge response protocol similar to the existing mobile communication authentication scheme. This requires that the authentication details in the user terminal to be stored securely on UICC or SIM card. This should support mutual authentication and security mechanisms such EAP. Signalling and User Data Security. The subscriber needs to have the same level of security as the mobile access that is specified for the 3G networks. This means that the WLAN authentication and re-authentication mechanisms must be at the same levels as for 3G USIM based access. It needs to support the maintaining session key verification and maintenance. Also the 3G systems should provide the required keys with sufficient length and levels of entropy that are required by the WLAN subsystem. WLAN key agreement, distribution and authentication mechanism should be secure against any attacks by middlemen. The WLAN access technology between the user equipment and the access point/ network should be able to utilise the generated session keying material to ensure the integrity of the connection for authentication. Privacy of User Identity. The keys used by 3G AAA function that are used for the generation of temporary identities that is used for the communication between the network element and the user terminal should not be possible to recover. If it is possible to retrieve the keys, the permanent identity can be derived from any of the temporary identities. Also it should be possible to mask the different temporary identities corresponding to the permanent identity.

Free Essays on Death To Socrates

Plato, The Trial and Death of Socrates. The â€Å"Apology†, pp. 19-41 â€Å"Socrates is an evil-doer, and a curious person, who searches into things under the earth and in heaven, and he makes the worse appear the better cause; and he teaches the aforesaid doctrines to others†. (pp. 21) This is the nature of the accusation against Socrates for his work. Socrates was a philosopher with no real answers only an abundance of questions he shared with the people of his time, that would eventually cost him his life. An example most noted of him testing people with ideas was when he seeked the oracle. It is said that Socrates met with the oracle and asked if any one was wiser then he. With confidence the oracle replied that one was wise her the him. Determined to prove the oracle wrong Socrates met with people of different back rounds that were sought to be wiser then he. While meeting with various groups, including, politicians, poets and other philosophers he realized that even though all are wise in their area of study none knew much more out side of it. However, all claimed to know more then they actually did. Socrates soon realized that neither knowing nor thinking that you know, its indeed wiser the pretending to be. Socrates taught this to young eager minds all over and taught them to question things that normally would be looked past. He was criticized for teaching young people to question authority , and questioning spiritual and divine agencies. As the book tells us he explained the need for teachers to Callias. His analogy was that if you were to buy horses would you not hire a horse trainer. Same goes for children. Would you not hire some one to teach them? This was the basis of his philosophy. He went to trial in ancient times and was seen as guilty by his peers and sentence to either exile or to death in which he choose death. With the philosophy that â€Å"an examined life is not worth living.† Not his protï ¿ ½... Free Essays on Death To Socrates Free Essays on Death To Socrates Plato, The Trial and Death of Socrates. The â€Å"Apology†, pp. 19-41 â€Å"Socrates is an evil-doer, and a curious person, who searches into things under the earth and in heaven, and he makes the worse appear the better cause; and he teaches the aforesaid doctrines to others†. (pp. 21) This is the nature of the accusation against Socrates for his work. Socrates was a philosopher with no real answers only an abundance of questions he shared with the people of his time, that would eventually cost him his life. An example most noted of him testing people with ideas was when he seeked the oracle. It is said that Socrates met with the oracle and asked if any one was wiser then he. With confidence the oracle replied that one was wise her the him. Determined to prove the oracle wrong Socrates met with people of different back rounds that were sought to be wiser then he. While meeting with various groups, including, politicians, poets and other philosophers he realized that even though all are wise in their area of study none knew much more out side of it. However, all claimed to know more then they actually did. Socrates soon realized that neither knowing nor thinking that you know, its indeed wiser the pretending to be. Socrates taught this to young eager minds all over and taught them to question things that normally would be looked past. He was criticized for teaching young people to question authority , and questioning spiritual and divine agencies. As the book tells us he explained the need for teachers to Callias. His analogy was that if you were to buy horses would you not hire a horse trainer. Same goes for children. Would you not hire some one to teach them? This was the basis of his philosophy. He went to trial in ancient times and was seen as guilty by his peers and sentence to either exile or to death in which he choose death. With the philosophy that â€Å"an examined life is not worth living.† Not his protï ¿ ½...

ESL Present Perfect Worksheets

ESL Present Perfect Worksheets The present perfect isnt a verb tense unique to English, but it can still be complicated for beginning ESL students to master. Though French, Italian, German, and Spanish use the present perfect to address past events, in English, the present perfect connects a past moment to the present moment in time. The present perfect is often used either to reference life experiences, to invoke recent past events that have influenced the present moment, or to reference a span of time that began in the past and extends into the present. The present perfect is one of the most difficult tenses to teach and to learn. Below is a quick review of the present perfect, followed by two worksheets designed to help ESL students practice their use of the verb tense. Present Perfect Positive Form Review Subject have   past participle objects Examples: Tom has lived in New York for 10 years.We have studied French since 2003. Present Perfect Negative Form Subject have not past participle objects Examples: She hasnt met Peter.They havent finished the job yet. Present Perfect Question Form (Question Word) have subject past participle? Examples: Has she worked here for a long time?Where has she gone? Important Note:  Regular past participles in -ed, irregular past participles of verbs vary and must be studied. Yet / Just / Already Yet is used in the present perfect negative and question forms.Just is used in the present perfect positive form.Already is used in the present perfect positive form. Examples: Have you finished the job yet?Shes just left for Chicago.Theyve already eaten lunch. Since / For Since and for are common time expressions used with the present perfect tense. Since is used with specific dates. For is used with periods of time. Examples: Janet has worked at this company since 1997.Weve lived in this house for five years. Present Perfect Worksheet 1 Conjugate the verb in parentheses using the form indicated. In the case of questions, use the indicated subject as well. How long ______ (he/live) in New Jersey?Peter ______ (not play) baseball since 1987.I ______ (speak) Russian for 20 years.We _____ (not see) Tom since Christmas.Has ________ (Alan/fly) in an airplane before?Shannon _____ (not/go) to lunch yet.Our class _____ (take) a field trip three times this year.Where _____ (they/move) to?Jennifer _____ (ask) that question four times today.You _____ (not eat) lunch yet, have you?Jason _____ (want) to move to New York since he was 5 years old.How long _____ (they/know) Peter?Alexandra _____ (work) for IBM since 2002.Jeff _____ (buy) a few books this week.Sally ______ (not read) that book yet._____ (they/leave) for work yet?Bill _____ (not/drive) very far today.We _____ (enjoy) eating seafood all of our lives._____ (he/watch) the documentary yet?I _____ (not/finish) the job yet. Present Perfect Worksheet 2 Choose the correct time expression used with the present perfect tense. They have lived in that house (since/for) 10 years.She has (just/yet) gone to the bank.Franklin hasnt arrived in Boston (yet/already)We have worked at this company (since/for) 2008.Jason hasnt telephoned me (since/for) two weeks.How (long/much) have you known Susan?Theyve (already/yet) studied the past simple tense.Our mothers have (just/yet) left for the station.The president has traveled to more than 20 countries (since/for) he was elected.Thomas hasnt had time to read the book (just/yet).Alice has told me shes (yet/already) been to that park.My daughters (just/since) finished her homework.Have they (already/yet) spoken to Mr. Peters?Ive (just/for) interviewed the best candidate for the job.Our coach hasnt chosen the starting team (already/yet).Bob and Tim have (already/yet) decided where they are going on vacation.Have you purchased a new computer (just/yet)?Sam has wanted to go to Japan (for/since) he was a little child.Jason hasnt worked here (since/for) very long.Our boss has ( just/yet) hired a new engineer. _______________________________________________________________________________ Present Perfect Worksheet  1 - Corrections Conjugate the verb in parentheses using the form indicated. In the case of questions, use the indicated subject as well. How long  has he lived  in New Jersey?Peter  hasnt played baseball  since 1987.I  have spoken  Russian for 20 years.We  havent seen  Tom since Christmas.Has Alan flown  in an airplane before?Shannon  hasnt gone  to lunch yet.Our class  has taken  a field trip three times this year.Where  have they moved  to?Jennifer  has asked  that question four times today.You  havent eaten  lunch yet, have you?Jason  has wanted  to move to New York since he was 5 years old.How long  have they known  Peter?Alexandra  has worked  for IBM since 2002.Jeff  has bought  a few books this week.Sally  hasnt read  that book yet.Have they left  for work yet?Bill  hasnt driven  very far today.We  have enjoyed  eating seafood all of our lives.Has he watched  the documentary yet?I  havent finished  the job yet. Present Perfect Worksheet 2 - Corrections Choose the correct time expression used with the present perfect tense. They have lived in that house  for  10 years.She has  just  gone to the bank.Franklin hasnt arrived in Boston  yet.We have worked at this company  since  2008.Jason hasnt telephoned me  for  two weeks.How  long  have you known Susan?Theyve  already  studied the past simple tense.Our mothers have  just  left  for  the station.The President has traveled to more than 20 countries  since  he was elected.Thomas hasnt had time to read the book  yet.Alice told me shes  already  been to that park.My daughters  just  finished her homework.Have they  already  spoken to Mr. Peters?Ive  just  interviewed the best candidate for the job.Our coach hasnt chosen the starting team  yet.Bob and Tim have  already  decided where they are going on vacation.Have you purchased a new computer  yet?Sam has wanted to go to Japan  since  he was a little child.Jason hasnt worked here  for  very long.Our boss has  just  hired a new engine er.

Retirement Essays - Individual Retirement Accounts, Free Essays

Retirement Essays - Individual Retirement Accounts, Free Essays Retirement Retirement Retirement seems to be one of the most often overlooked areas of peoples future plan. Simply because it seems so far away, it is an area that is subject to procrastination. People are expected to live longer now than ever before, this is another reason why young adults and teenagers are not worried about saving for their retirement. The baby boom generation, the seventy seven million people born between 1943 and 1960, face an entirely different retirement plan. As they began to retire, people are starting to think that there will be no money left and this will turn into a crisis. What will happen when seventy-seven million baby boomers begin to want the money they paid in but it is not there? Retirement provisions such as Social Security, IRAs, and 401ks are there to help when you are deciding how to save money. Social Security started a long time ago, in the 1930s, when Franklin D. Roosevelt was president. He was elected president in November 1932. By March there were over thirteen million people that were unemployed, and almost every bank was closed. Franklin D. Roosevelt proposed a sweeping program to being recovery to business and to agriculture and relief to those who were in fear of losing their farms and homes to being unemployed. In 1935, recovery was slowing arriving, but more And more people were turning against Roosevelts New Deal program. This led Roosevelt to a new program of reform, which we know today as social security. It stated heavier taxes on the wealthy, new way of controlling banks and public utilities, and a huge work relief program for those people who were unemployed. Social Security has been around for so long, but now people under the age of sixty-five think it will go bankrupt before they retire, according to a new CNN/TIME poll, and most of them do not think they will be able to save enough on their own. Only thirty-one percent say that the system is currently in a crisis; majority just feels that there are problems but not a crisis. The way you feel about Social Security is based totally on what age you are. People over fifty seem to think the system is fair while others feel it is not. In the Industrial Age, a Defined Benefit pension plan meant that the company guaranteed you, the worker, and a defined amount of money for as long as you lived. This made people feel secure because these plans assured a steady income. IRAs, Individual Retirement Accounts, are a vital part of retiring plans. There are two different types of IRAs, which include Roth and Traditional IRAs. Roth IRAs are said to give Americans another way to save on taxes. A Roth Ira can be withdrawn tax-free, as long as the account has been open at least five years and you are age fifty-nine and a half when you begin withdrawing the proceeds. The contributions can be up to two thousand dollars per person or four thousand per couple. The beauty of a Roth IRA is its simplicity. You can contribute to a Roth IRA even if you have an employer-sponsored retirement plan. You can contribute to a Roth IRA even if you have an employer-sponsored retirement plan. You can make contributions to a Roth IRA at any age as long as you are earning income. Your contributions however, cant exceed your income. Someone who contributes even a little as a teenager can end up with quite a bit of money later on. With a Roth IRA your beneficiaries will not have to pay income tax on it. A Traditional IRA is for taxpayers that are under the age of seventy and a half, who are still working. Some people prefer the traditional IRA because they can get an immediate tax deduction equal to the contribution they put in. The money in a Traditional IRA grows tax-deferred. You have to pay a tax on all your earnings. Distributions of a Traditional IRA are required at the age of seventy and a half or you have to face penalties. There are also penalties on withdrawals before the age of fifty-nine and a half such a ten percent tax

Understanding Vietnamese Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Understanding Vietnamese Culture - Essay Example A number of Vietnamese in America come from the southern regions of Vietnam and talk the same dialect as the interpreters, difficulties can arise (Pham 2005, p.10). Different pronunciations can convey different nuances (Karnow 2000, p.20). Also, even though their words can be spelled similarly, their true meaning depends on the spoken accent. The family gets valued highly in the Vietnamese family, and it plays a central part in the culture. This family becomes extended consisting of married sons, daughters in law; young unmarried adult daughters, and the grandchildren (Shapiro 2002, p.13). The family structure is patriarchal. The eldest male is the family decision maker and spokesman. In the traditional families of Vietnamese, the husbands make crucial decisions on matters outside the home, while the wives take care of homes and have the responsibility of making decisions concerning healthcare (Pham 2005, p.10). The elders in the community become highly honored and respected (Karnow 2000, p.20). The kids are at all times required to obey them. Decisions regarding the community get made on the basis of common good, mostly under the direction of one of the elderly males(Pham 2005, p.10). Individualism becomes discouraged totally in the line of the family responsibilities that enhance interdependence, sense of belonging and support. The Vietnamese people have wide religious beliefs that play a significant part in their normal way of life. This also includes the decisions regarding end of life matters and health care. A number of Vietnamese people practice Buddhism (Karnow 2000, p.20). These religions posit that people should live a virtuous life by ignoring personal desire. Other beliefs include; animism, ancestor worship, the philosophical principles of Confucianism and also Taoism that symbolizes the importance of family life, harmony and social virtues (Karnow 2000, p.20). People of Southern Vietnam practice Christianity, mostly Catholicism.  

Medical Terminology Research Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Medical Terminology Research Assignment - Essay Example Examples of a medication error is in the use of a long-acting prescription cough medicine. "Reports indicate that health care professionals have prescribed Tussionex for patients younger than the approved aged group of 6 years old and older, more frequently than the labeled dosing interval of every 12 hours ("extended release"), and that patients have administered the incorrect dose due to misinterpretation of the dosing directions and the use of inappropriate measuring devices. Overdose of Tussionex in older children, adolescents, and adults has also been associated with life-threatening and fatal breathing problems" (FDA News, 2008). Another example is the overdose of acetaminophen in drugs marketed as Tylenol and Datril. These drugs should not be taken more than the dose prescribed or seen on the label, and not more than the number of days as prescribed for. Due to these incidences, government and non-government organizations in the United States and in the United Kingdom directly "warned doctors that the use of abbreviations in medical notes is putting patients' lives at risk." (Pocack, N, 2008). In an effort to reduce the number of medication errors drastically, the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) has issued a list of abbreviations, acronyms and symbols that should no longer be used. They did this because of the reported 44,000 and 96,000 deaths each year which were attributed to medication errors which have been shown to be due to flaws in parts of the system involving prescribing, repackaging, dispensing, administering, monitoring or a combination of two or more of the aforementioned. "Medication errors may result from single or multiple breakdowns in a system's continuum of diagnosing an ailment, planning a therapeutic regimen, prescribing and dispensing drugs, and administering the drug" (Philips J, 2001). The article reviewed medical errors for a 5-year span (1993-1998). They noted that the most common cause of these errors was the indiscernible handwriting in prescriptions making the abbreviations look like something else. Example of an error resulting from poor handwriting; the "ug" as in microgram may seem like "ml" as in microliter; example of an error due to wrong abbreviation is "BT" for bedtime may be comprehended as "BID" as in three times a day. These errors are found most frequestly in clinical notes, prescriptions and treatment charts which are all over the workplace. The use of these abbreviations should be kept to an absolute minimum if not any at all. They cause confusion and present a risk to patients. Similarly, on the same goal to minimize medication errors, the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) in 2003 created a list of "Do Not Use" abbreviations (IMSP List, 2003) which establishes a standard for abbreviations and terms used. And in 2005, the JCAHO suggested the Patient Safety Event Taxonomy which could facilitate a common approach for patient safety information systems (Chang A, 2005). This taxonomic standardization scheme hopes to make it known to everyone that there is an existing standard set of words and/or phrases which are to be used, and no other in medication writing or prescription writing. In Canada, they too have shown that

Homicide in Puerto Rico Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Homicide in Puerto Rico - Essay Example are used to provide the reasons behind the increase of murders. Certain suggestions have been provided in this paper to control and try to minimize the number of incidents in this paradise. Puerto Rico is rated third in homicide cases, as it has registered nearly 800 cases in 2004 which is serious concern for the Puerto Rican government. This drastic increase in crime rate has damaged the reputation of Puerto Rica which is also known as Island's Paradise, affecting the tourism industry. It is for this reason, the issue needs to be taken seriously and probable and suitable measures need to be evolved to curtail and diminish such heinous activities from the society. The criminal is recognized by his tastes, occupation, and his interests towards alcohol, cards and sexual vices. The extent of criminality seems to vary inversely with the extent to which they are incorporated in closely integrated family and community groups. The most aggravated crime i.e. murder and homicide is turning out to be a hot debatable issue through the world. Be it Daniel Pearl's killing episode of United States or Satyanarayana of India, where both of them beheaded by the terrorist in Afghanistan. Homicides nowadays have become so prevalent that it seems like our daily activities. But the fact that gives us rush down the adrenaline is the amount of homicides committed throughout the period. The data released by the National Center for Victims of Crime (2008) reveals that 1 murder occurs every 32 minutes, 1 violent crime every 6 seconds, 56 women victimized every 19 seconds, 1 assault every 7 seconds and 1 sexual assault every 2 minutes. It has been observed that of all Puerto Rico has more crime than the US mainland. The crimes in Puerto Rico decreased drastically during 90's (from 32,300 in 1992 to 11,400 in 2001). There was an incredible rise in the cases reported pertaining to murders and homicides since 1999 (593 cases) while in the year 2005, the figure climbed to 766. However this was -4% less than the previous year 2004 where 797 cases were reported. There is an incredible rise in crime trend which provides a brief overview of the violence prevalent in Puerto Rico. (Violence in Puerto Rico) The data obtained from FBI and the Police of Puerto Rico shows that there is lower annual rate and faster improvement in aggravated assault, rape and robbery, higher homicide rate and higher lethality ratio than the mainland. According to Lefort (2000) Puerto Rico was one of the poorest regions of the United States during 20th century. (Ricardo Godoy, 2008) 1.1 Rate of Homicide - Puerto Rico Puerto Rico with the population of nearly 4 million during 2004, has witnesses 760 murders during 2003, thus making homicide the 11th leading cause of death which constitutes 2.7% of the total deaths occurred in the place. (Violence in Puerto Rico) During 1999-2003, of 3,613 total homicides in Puerto Rico, 2,303 (64%) occurred among persons aged

The concept of peak oil has been devised to reflect scarcity Essay

The concept of peak oil has been devised to reflect scarcity associated with oil supplies. But surely the price of oil would be a more efficient indication of its scarcity - Essay Example In contrast to the peak oil concept, global oil production showed a decline from its peak point at 74 mb/d in 2005; however, after a short decline the figures rebounded, and in 2011 there were higher production of oil than 2005 (US energy information and administration, 2011). Peak oil is ascertained by taking into account extraction rates from each oil well, the predicted oil reserves, and total extraction rate of an oil field comprising of associated oil wells (Berdellà ©, 2011). Here the core contentious issue is that the concept of ‘peak oil,’ which had been devised to reflect oil scarcity, is an ambiguous indicator of scarcity. Instead, some economists content that oil prices prove to be a more efficient indication of the scarcity of oil. Various experts contend that oil scarcity is dependent on the rate of consumption, where constraints placed on supply side are based on product demands. James L. Smith in his research papers, using benchmark scenario, high growth scenario and low growth scenario graphs, proved that peak timing is inconsistent as an indicator of oil scarcity (2011, pp. 8-13). Observations revealed that during 2007-08 economic crisis, despite oil supplies not increasing, there was loosening in the oil scarcity factor, owing to low demand. The equation for supply-demand graph can be plotted effectively through the factor of pricing, hence making oil prices a better indicator for its scarcity. Natural oil does not have any uniform or any standardised quality, and tends to vary significantly, which range from medium quality oil, to oil with high API gravity (high quality) from Saudi Arabian fields, to low API gravity (poor quality) heavy oil from fields in South America and Canada. Despite reports of fall in high quality oil levels, as far as supply of heavy oil is concerned, there is no scarcity, and many oil fields in deep-water areas remain unexplored (Stier, 2008). The Saudi Arabian high API oils are relatively easy to extract and oil

Applying theories to the novel The Spirit Catches You And You Fall Essay

Applying theories to the novel The Spirit Catches You And You Fall Down - Essay Example The author dexterously manoeuvres the plot of the book so that the readers can identify with the more complex socio-psychological paradigms of the multicultural societies and the challenges that the medical fraternity has to meet to overcome the prejudices of the Hmong family. The book is fascinating in its treatment of the seemingly mundane but highly relevant issues of the different cultures and the modern society that heavily relies on science. The story of Lia Lee, a small girl who is diagnosed with epilepsy by the medical fraternity in Merced, California but which is differently interpreted by the Hmong family as ‘qaug dab peg’. The intense conflict in the treatment of the little girl and the frustrations of both the girl’s family and the healthcare system is brilliantly captured by the author. The book throws great insight into the differing views and perspectives of the cultures that clash with the value system of the healthcare practitioners. The institutional indifference to the cross cultural values and the trials and tribulations of the immigrant family that finds itself strangely vulnerable in the alien surrounding is the highlight of the narration. The socio-psychological imperatives found in the book are of great relevance to the contemporary environment of globalization. The behavioral and cognitive theory can explain the ongoing struggle of the Hmong family that tries to work along with healthcare system towards the common goal of saving their daughter’s life. Cognitive science is basically an amalgamation of philosophical thoughts and scientific theories that try to rationalize the working of conscious and unconscious thoughts of a man and co-relate them with his subsequent actions and reactions. The theory of cognition, thereby, tries to explain why and how the events take place and subsequent pattern of behavior of man under certain condition involving emotional

The concept of peak oil has been devised to reflect scarcity Essay

The concept of peak oil has been devised to reflect scarcity associated with oil supplies. But surely the price of oil would be a more efficient indication of its scarcity - Essay Example In contrast to the peak oil concept, global oil production showed a decline from its peak point at 74 mb/d in 2005; however, after a short decline the figures rebounded, and in 2011 there were higher production of oil than 2005 (US energy information and administration, 2011). Peak oil is ascertained by taking into account extraction rates from each oil well, the predicted oil reserves, and total extraction rate of an oil field comprising of associated oil wells (Berdellà ©, 2011). Here the core contentious issue is that the concept of ‘peak oil,’ which had been devised to reflect oil scarcity, is an ambiguous indicator of scarcity. Instead, some economists content that oil prices prove to be a more efficient indication of the scarcity of oil. Various experts contend that oil scarcity is dependent on the rate of consumption, where constraints placed on supply side are based on product demands. James L. Smith in his research papers, using benchmark scenario, high growth scenario and low growth scenario graphs, proved that peak timing is inconsistent as an indicator of oil scarcity (2011, pp. 8-13). Observations revealed that during 2007-08 economic crisis, despite oil supplies not increasing, there was loosening in the oil scarcity factor, owing to low demand. The equation for supply-demand graph can be plotted effectively through the factor of pricing, hence making oil prices a better indicator for its scarcity. Natural oil does not have any uniform or any standardised quality, and tends to vary significantly, which range from medium quality oil, to oil with high API gravity (high quality) from Saudi Arabian fields, to low API gravity (poor quality) heavy oil from fields in South America and Canada. Despite reports of fall in high quality oil levels, as far as supply of heavy oil is concerned, there is no scarcity, and many oil fields in deep-water areas remain unexplored (Stier, 2008). The Saudi Arabian high API oils are relatively easy to extract and oil

How ratio analysis provides a meaningful comparison of a company to Essay

How ratio analysis provides a meaningful comparison of a company to its industry, chief competitors, or to any other well run firm - Essay Example These techniques help to compare a company’s performance with its chief competitors in same industry as well as monitor the company’s progress over time. Accounting ratios is an important tool for financial statement analysis. A ratio is defined as relation between two numbers expressed as fraction or as percentage. When such relationships are derived from the financial statements, they are called accounting ratios (Kim & Ayoun, 2005, p.2). Accounting ratios have immense application in interpretation of financial statements by helping perform both intra-firm and inter-firm comparison. Intra-firm comparison helps to measure the performance of the company on Y-O-Y basis while inter-firm comparison helps to evaluate Company’s performance with its competitors. Ratios can be broadly classified into income statement ratios (derived from income statement), balance sheet ratios (derived from balance sheet) and composite ratios (one item from balance sheet and another from income statement). They help to evaluate the firm’s ability to honor its short term or current obligations. It is an indicator for the measure of working capital management. The firms’ short term obligations include carrying out day to day operations, payments to creditors for purchase of raw materials, payment of daily wages of laborers, outstanding expenses and bills payables, etc. These current liabilities are financed by current assets (Bragg, 2012, p.73). It is the ratio of total long-term debt to total asset. While a low ratio provides security to creditors a high ratio helps the management to trade on equity. Hence it is also called the leverage ratio (Drake, 2008, p.9). It is the ratio of long term debt to shareholders’ fund (Equity shares, retained earnings, preference shares, and fictitious assets). Form the investors’ point of view a

Career Competence Factors Essay Example for Free

Career Competence Factors Essay The essential skills and abilities associated with students’ personal learning styles are many of the capabilities hiring managers look for when reviewing applications. University of Phoenix learning goals represent another set of core competencies that can help you become recognized as an exceptional candidate or employee. Part A Complete the Personality Spectrum on pp. 66–67 in Ch. 3 of Keys to Success. Based on the results, respond to the following: What is your primary strength? My primary strengths are that I am a THINKER and an ORGANZER. How does this strength make you a strong candidate or employee? I am good at solving problems and I am responsible and reliable. What is one area of improvement?Being a giver is an area that I need improvement in. How can you improve in this area to become a stronger candidate or employee?I can improve by being more sensitive to others feelings and needs. Part B Read the University of Phoenix Material: University of Phoenix Learning Goals, included in the materials for this assignment. Fill in the following matrix with summaries of how each university learning goal can help you with career preparedness. University Learning Goal How can each goal prepare you for success in the workplace? Professional Competence and Values Having values and ethics can help you in makin important and critical decision in the workplace. Critical Thinking and Problem Solving

Communication And Social Development In Society

Communication And Social Development In Society A society can neither exist without communication nor can a social structure survive without it. The multi faceted development (economic, social, political and cultural) have further asserted the importance of communication in human life. Successful communication is the key to all social relationships and environments personal or professional. What is Communication? Communication is something so simple and difficult that we can never put it in simple words. Various sociologists, educationists and psychologists have defined communication in different ways and according to the disciplines to which they belong. According to Legans communication is an act of getting a sender and a receiver tuned together for a particular massage or series of messages. Schramm says, it occurs between two corresponding systems accompanied through one or more non-corresponding systems, resulting in an identical status to establish commonness. Others like Howland, Warren Weaver, Gist, Loomis and Beegles etc. have defined communication in their respective ways, but one can conclude that it is a social interaction, that transfers the thoughts or ideas from one person or group to another so that it could be understood and acted upon. The more homogenous a group is, the effective the communication. In the 21st Century, everyone in the world can compete on an equal footing with everyone else. Therefore the difference between success and failure will be the ability to communicate and to understand. Communication is a continuous activity. It is the two way process. It is an act of sharing knowledge, feeling, ideas, information with the use of words, facial expressions, gestures, body movement and often silence, that takes its meaning from the situation. The communication situation exist when: there is a person (sender or transmitter) desirous of passing on some information; there is another person (receiver) to whom the information is to be passes on; the receiver partly or wholly understands the message passed on to him; the receiver responds to the message i.e., there some kind of feedback. The communication situation cannot exist in the absence of any of these four components. Consultant Faculty Member, Center for English Language Training (CELT), College of Engineering, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500007. e-mail: [emailprotected] Communication is the lifeblood of the world. In todays globalized world, communication is essential for life. Communication is more than just a matter of speaking and hearing. Good communication, on the other hand, means that your message will be sent and that the people understand the message in its entirety. Further, they are much more likely to respond in a positive manner if the message was communicated effectively. A poorly communicated message will result in an unfavorable response. You cannot have human relations without communication. However, good and effective communication is required not only for good human relations but also for good social development. Types of Communication Verbal oral and written Non-Verbal expression, expressive behaviors and body language Communication Distinctions Formal/Informal Official/unofficial information exchange Vertical/Horizontal Superior Subordinates/peers Personal/Impersonal Situation of mutual influence/exchange without mutual influence Instrumental/Expressive Necessary for job/non-job information transmission Principles of Communication In order to make our communication effective we should follow certain scientific principles. They are shown in the Figure 1. Figure 1 Courtesy Consideration Conciseness Completeness Clarity Correctness Principles Of Communication Clarity For clarity of expression: use simple, easy-to-understand words, use single words for long phrases, use concrete expressions that have a visual impact on the mind and will be easy to remember, prefer active constructions, which are direct, avoid jargon. Completeness For completeness ask: who, what, where, when and, why. Conciseness For conciseness: only relevant facts, no repetition, no verbosity, proper organization of the message. Consideration For consideration: avoid gender bias, emphasize positive, pleasant facts. Courtesy Courtesy begets courtesy: so make your message courteous, use empathy, be respectful by not fawning, be brief, clear and courteous. Correctness Correctness implies: giving correct facts, at an appropriate time, in a suitable style. Conditions for Effective Communication Scholz describes some of the factors which influence the effectiveness of communication. The credibility of the communicator and the motive attributed to him have a profound influence on the reception of his message. The most successful communications are those which reinforce at least some of the audiences beliefs, those which state conclusions as well as premises and those which call for action. People are interested first in people, then in things, last in ideas. Their attitudes and opinions are strongly influenced by the groups to which they belong or want to belong. It is better to communicate information little by little over a period of time than all at once. Repeating a communication obviously prolongs its influence. Short sentences, familiar words and active verbs help to make communication both interesting and persuasive. In changing opinions, an oral presentation tends to be more effective than the written word. Only rarely is it possible for communication, particularly over the short range, to impart deep-seated attitudes or beliefs. Mass communication alone is hardly ever an effective agent of change. Communication in Education Traditional education always neglected communication. When we talk of communication skills in the field of education, it not only points at the provider, supplier or teachers but also it is equally important to develop this art among the recipients or the students. Quest of knowledge, search of truth, urge of understanding have resulted in identifying communication as the ultimate factor in making education effective. Communication is an art and if used scientifically in education it can create wonders. Communication in Industries Communication is a valuable skill. If you possess strong communication skills, this will go far in effectively helping you communicate in both your personal and professional lives. Being able to successfully communicate in business is a prime qualification many employers actively look for when hiring new staff. When conducting business we interact with different people, including, but not limited to customers, bosses, colleagues and subordinates. Depending on the nature of business we may also interact with other agencies or partnering organizations. No matter the industry, if we work for the private or public sector, or what our line, grade or position is, it is a guarantee communication will somehow prominently play a part in our daily routine. Your communication skills not only reflect upon you but your business. Organizations want to ensure they hire candidates who possess these dexterities. Once in the position our communication skills illuminate a statement about both yourself and our company, and well want to present a positive image. Projecting poor communication skills may paint us or our organization in a negative light. Communication and Globalization Culture, Communication and Globalization are focused on issues related to intercultural and international approaches to the ways in which culture, communication and globalization interplay with the world around us. Today India is developing fast vertically in the field of industry, trade, education etc., but if the efforts are put at individual level in the area of communication whether interpersonal or intrapersonal, the horizontal development in terms of quality could be also achieved at the desirable rate.

Catherine Morlands Coming of Age in Jane Austens Northanger Abbey Ess

Catherine Morland's Coming of Age in Jane Austen's Northanger Abbey Jane Austen's intelligence and sophisticated diction made her a revolutionary author, and her mastery surpasses most modern authors. By challenging conventional stereotypes in her novels, she gives the open-minded reader a new perspective through the message she conveys. Her first novel, Northanger Abbey, focuses on reading. However, she parallels typical novel reading with the reading of people. Catherine Morland's coming of age hinges on her ability to become a better reader of both novels and people. Austen first introduces Catherine as an unlikely heroine: "No one who had ever seen Catherine Morland in her infancy, would have supposed her born to be [a] heroine" (13). This is the introductory line of Austen's first book, giving the reader the responsibility to realize this is a novel by stating Catherine's heroism. This is important for the reader to understand because Catherine, who loves to read fiction, considers herself to be a heroine in a gothic novel. Therefore, this sets the tone of the story as the reader recognizes the metaphorical gap between the ideal fictional heroine and the flawed Catherine Morland. The modern reader must be aware that, at this point in literary history, the novel was looked down upon as an inferior form of literature, particularly because of the grim and sensational content of gothic novels. Therefore, Austen finds it necessary to argue the vital importance of the novel: "Oh! it is only a novel!" replies the young lady; while she lays down her book with momentary shame--"It is only Cecilia, or Camilla, or Belinda;" or, in short, only some work in which the thorough knowledge of human nature, the happiest delinea... ...The strength displayed by Catherine shows her ability to make her own judgments, which parallels her becoming a woman. With Catherine Morland and Northanger Abbey, Jane Austen has set a new benchmark for what a heroine and novel can be. Through Catherine, Austen shows the danger of becoming immersed in reading and its ability to hinder the judgment between fact and fiction. Reading is a dominant theme throughout the novel, as in both the reading of the gothic novel and the reading of a person's character. When these two notions clash, the reader is forced to decide which activity holds more importance. Austen ingeniously gives the reader an interactive role as a main character in her story by making one realize Catherine's reading ability is directly proportional to her coming of age. Work Cited Austen, Jane. Northanger Abbey. New York: Penguin Books, 1995.

We Must Have the Right to Keep and Bear Arms Essay -- argumentative, pe

Within the United States Constitution, amendments one through ten referred to as the â€Å"Bill of Rights† contains amendment two which reads â€Å"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed† (States, 1789). Despite this amendment, gun control still remains one of the most highly-debated issues in the United States. While the Constitution clearly states our right â€Å"to keep and bear Arms†, the gun control lobbyists continue to challenge this right by using the media to convey misleading stories on how guns by themselves are the problem. By contrast, the real issues are not the guns but the people who use them. Therefore guns should not be used as a political patsy to avoid dealing directly with the real issues that prompt gun-related violence. After the incidents at Columbine and Virginia Tech., a typical emotional reaction would be to blindly demand a b an on all firearms or wish they never existed in the first place. Some may feel motivated to push for legislation that makes us feel like we are "doing something," but this may not accomplish anything, or worse, it could do more harm (Schools and Gun Violence, 2008). Therefore the problems with American society are not related to the possession of firearms, but rather an unraveling of ethics and morals. To preserve our civil liberty such as the right to keep and bear arms, our current laws must be enforced consistently. Adding additional restrictions on our civil liberties will only ensure that one day our rights will slowly erode away, until gone completely. Just as any restriction put on the right to petition the government for a redress of grievances can be viewed as a violation... ...amounts to nothing less than tyranny: an insult to the intelligence of the people. Gun control underestimates the ability of citizens to educate themselves in proper weapons storage and usage. Gun control places too much power in the hands of the government, which can so easily turn on the people. The American Constitution should rarely be tampered with; its Bill of Rights was written with wisdom and foresight. The right to keep and bear arms is immutable. Works Cited Association, N. R. (2010). Issues. Retrieved June 11, 2011, from NRA: http://home.nra.org/#/ila Schools and Gun Violence. (2008, June 29). Retrieved June 11, 2011, from GunSite: http://guncite.com/gun_control_gcgvscho.html States, C. o. (1789, March 4). Bill of rights. Retrieved June 11, 2011, from http://www.archives.gov: http://archives.gov/exhibits/charters/bill_of_rights_transcript.html

Fahrenheit 451 Essay

Fahrenheit 451 was written by Ray Bradbury and in this book I will be talking about on how this book is related to the theme censorship. I will be proving why censorship is related to the book. So why is the theme censorship important in the novel? Point I  Censorship was a very important theme in Fahrenheit 451 in a lot of different ways one of them is since people are not allowed to read books, so that is the most extreme form of censorship that exists. So according to Montag he said â€Å"I just want someone to hear what I have to say. And maybe if I talk long enough, it’ll make sense.† This means that nobody understands him the way Clarisse does. Here is another one, so in this statement Captain Beatty says â€Å"Its real beauty is that it destroys responsibility and consequences.† So he is saying that books don’t open people’s minds they destroy them it doesn’t show how they learn, but we know that it’s not true, since some books do help us in life. And one very interesting fact about the book is when Ray Bradbury wrote about the book it was in the McCarthy era, and he as concerned about the censorship in the United States. So he got an idea about it and thought about it, and so Fahrenheit 451 was born. Point II In the paperback edition released in 1979, Ray Bradbury wrote a new coda for the book containing multiple comments on censorship and its relation to the novel. The coda is also present in the mass market paperback, which is still in print. At other times, Ray Bradbury explained the theme of the book differently. Bradbury observed that the novel touches on the alienation of people by media. Another thing is that this book and theme does have a message for all of us, it’s that the anticensorship message has often been cited by opponents of book banning in the United States. This means people also have to look out on what they are reading. ` Point III Another thing that I would like to point out is that the book explains on how Firemen also burn books, that there is censorship since they are using their materials not for job purposes but for just burning books. And that Captain Beatty there leader just cares about how his firemen finish the job, that another censorship since Beatty only cares about the money. Also how in one of the quotes a pointed out was when Montag wishes that he could be heard, he wishes that people can understand him better. That is another sign of censorship, you also can’t even touch a book, well you can but people say that they are scared of books, and even owning a book is illegal so this book does have a lot of censorship on it. Here is one very good statement in the book that I thought was good it was said by Captain Beatty according to him he said â€Å"What traitors books can be! You think they’re backing you up, and they turn on you. Others can use them too, and there you are, lost in the middle of the moor, in a great welter of nouns and verbs and adjectives.† Which is significant because he is saying that when you read books you keep on learning which is good but for Beatty it’s just nonsense and these books can turn you into something good, but for Beatty he thinks that you’ll turn into a bad influence for children. Conclusion: So all in all this is why the books main theme is censorship lots or burning books, no one can even own or touch a book and how people don’t even know if books are bad or good.

The Fight Against Cyber Crime

Running head: THE FIGHT AGAINST CYBER CRIME The Fight Against Cyber Crime: What Can We Do? Abstract Cyber crime is on the rise and every organization must recognize the danger and take necessary steps to help mitigate the threat. While many institutions worry more about hackers than cyber criminals, it is cyber crime that can cause the most damage. A hacker is more easily detected while a cyber criminal may already be in your network undetected. While a hacker may try to breach a network for the thrill or to annoy, a cyber criminal will breach a network for monetary gain.This paper is intended to point out some of the risks of cyber crime and what a financial institute can do to help mitigate the threat of attack. Keywords: cyber crime, cyber attack, Information Technology Information Sharing and Analysis Center, IT-ISAC, Financial Services Information Sharing and Analysis Center, FS-ISAC The Fight Against Cyber Crime: What Can We Do? While many institutions worry more about hackers than cyber criminals, it is cyber criminals that should make us more wary.A hacker is more easily detected while a cyber criminal may already be in your network undetected. While a hacker may try to breach a network for the thrill value or to annoy their victim, a cyber criminal will breach a network for monetary gain. This may include â€Å"data acquisition and storage, stealthy access to systems, identity collection and theft, misdirection of communications, keystroke identification, identity authentication, and botnets, among others† (Deloitte, 2010).According to a survey conducted in August 2011 by Ponemon Institute, for the 50 participating companies (see chart 1), the average time it takes an organization to resolve a cyber attack is 18 days with an average cost of $23,000 a day. An insider attack can average 45 days to contain. This does not include the value of any data lost, modified, or stolen in the process. This survey also showed the average annualized cost of cy ber crime to financial institutions was $14,700,000 for 2011, up from $12,370,000 the previous year (see Chart 2).Chart 3 summarizes the types of attack methods experienced by the companies that participated in the survey (Ponemon, 2011). According to security firm Imperva, â€Å"The average large business sees 27 attacks per minute hitting its Website. Attackers can use automation technologies to generate up to seven attacks per second, or 25,000 attacks per hour† (Rashid, 2011). To build a sufficient IT security posture, it is important to assume that an unauthorized user can gain access to the network, and then structure the network to best protect the most valuable data.The valuable data can then â€Å"be tagged and monitored so that the organization knows where it is, where it is going, where it has gone, and on whose authority† (Deloitte, 2010). The organization also needs to understand that they need to not only monitor what is coming into their network but also what is leaving their network. This will help â€Å"detect activities enabled by techniques and technologies that mimic, exploit, or piggyback on the access of authorized users† (Deloitte, 2010).Using standard firewalls and anti-virus programs alone will not accomplish this. The organization must take a more proactive approach to protect its financial data. Now that we know what we need to do, how do we accomplish this? Some very basic steps include employee screening, employee training to help mitigate against social engineering, disabling account access of terminated employees, ensuring software updates and patches are properly implemented, and ensuring firewalls are properly configured.More advanced steps include, but are not limited to, setting up a demilitarized zone to help block the network from outside access, installing a honeynet system to look like an authentic part of the network to entice and trap intrusion attempts for further analysis, installing hard drive en cryption and remote data wipe capability on all laptops and other mobile devices, and requiring smart card and pin number authentication (or some other form of multifactor authentication) to access sensitive data.The Ponemon survey revealed companies utilizing security information and event management (SIEM) solutions such as these average 24 percent less expense in dealing with cyber crime attacks (see chart 5). This reduction in cost is because companies that use SIEM solutions are better able to detect and contain, and therefore recover, from such attacks (see chart 6). Another important step for a financial institute to take is to become a member of the FS-ISAC (Financial Services Information Sharing and Analysis Center).The FS-ISAC was founded in 1999 and led the way for the IT-ISAC (Information Technology Information Sharing and Analysis Center) which was founded in 2001. The purpose of these groups is for organizations to have the opportunity to share the security attacks and vulnerabilities they have experienced with other organizations in their field of industry. Given the sophistication, complexity, and evolution of cyber crime technologies and techniques, no sizable organization can plan and implement the necessary response alone. CIOs, CSOs, CROs, and cyber security rofessionals should share information, techniques, and technologies in their battle against cyber crime. (Deloitte, 2010) The importance of FS-ISAC was proven in 2000 when member companies where saved from a major denial-of-service attack that many other companies experienced (Hurley, 2001). As shown in chart 4, a denial-of-service attack can be costly. A more recent example of FS-ISAC at work is the August 23, 2011 report of the Help Net Security (International) Ramnit worm which uses Zeus Trojan tactics for banking fraud.As the FS-ISAC points out, â€Å"When attacks occur, early warning and expert advice can mean the difference between business continuity and widespread business cata strophe† (FS-ISAC, 2011). Knowing and having the chance to combat against these attacks can save an institute millions. In conclusion, financial institutions must stay vigilant to current and new cyber threats. Table 1 through 3 gives a breakdown of cyber threats and controls that can help reduce the impact if these threats become reality. It is important for an organization to enroll in its respective ISAC and to share in the lessons learned from previous attacks.While it would be almost impossible to learn about and prevent every type of attack, staying vigilant will help reduce the likelihood and the impact. References Deloitte Development LLC. (2010). Cyber Crime: A Clear and Present Danger. Retrieved December 23, 2011, from the World Wide Web: http://eclearning. excelsior. edu/webct/RelativeResourceManager/Template/pdf/M7_Deloitte_CyberCrime. pdf FS-ISAC. (2011). Current Banking and Finance Report, Retrieved 24 December, 2011, from the World Wide Web: http://www. fsisac. com/ Hurley, E. (2001, January 29).IT-ISAC: A Matter of Trust. Retrieved 24 December, 2011, from the World Wide Web: http://searchsecurity. techtarget. com/news/517824/IT-ISAC-A matter-of-trust Ponemon Institute LLC. (2011, August). Second Annual Cost of Cyber Crime Study. Retrieved December 24, 2011, from the World Wide Web: http://www. arcsight. com/collateral/whitepapers/2011_Cost_of_Cyber_Crime_Study_August. pdf Rashid, F. (2011, July 25). Cyber-Criminals Use Botnets, Automation to Launch Multiple Blended Attacks. Retrieved December 24, 2011, from the World Wide Web: http://www. week. com/c/a/Security/CyberCriminals-Use-Botnets-Automation-to-Launch-Multiple-Blended-Attacks-656032/ Chart 1. Sample of Participating Companies by Industry (Ponemon, 2011) Average annualized cost by industry sector ($1M) *Industry was not represented in the FY2010 benchmark sample. Chart 2. Average annualized cost by industry sector (Ponemon, 2011) Types of Attack Methods Experienced Chart 3. Types of Attack Methods Experienced (Ponemon, 2011)Average annualized cyber crime cost weighted by attack frequency *The FY 2010 benchmark sample did not contain a DoS attack. Chart 4. Average annualized cyber crime cost (Ponemon, 2011) Comparison of SIEM and non-SIEM sub-sample of average cost of cyber crime Chart 5. Comparison cost of SIEM and non-SIEM companies (Ponemon, 2011) Chart 6 Percentage cost for recovery, detection & containment (Ponemon, 2011) categoryFinancial Impact Regulatory ComplianceIndustry Reputation 4CriticalIncrease in costs greater than $1MFines in excess of $1MSignificant, sustained negative media exposure.Significant loss of business due to blemish on public image. 3MajorIncrease in costs $100K to $1MFines between $100K and $1MNegative media exposure. Loss of business due to blemish on public image. 2ModerateIncrease in costs less than $100KFines under $100KSome negative media exposure. Slight loss of business due to blemish on public image. 1MinorNo significant co st increase expectedNo fines expectedNo media exposure or loss of business expected. Table 1. Impact 4Imminent 3Highly Likely 2Possible 1Unlikely Table 2. Probability PxI (before controls / after controls)Financial Impact Regulatory Compliance Industry Reputation Controls Denial of service1x3=3 / 1Ãâ€"2=21Ãâ€"3=3 / 1Ãâ€"1=11Ãâ€"4=4 / 1Ãâ€"2=2Implement router filters, install patches to guard against SYC flooding, disable unused services Web-based attack2x3=6 / 2Ãâ€"2=42Ãâ€"3=6 / 2Ãâ€"2=42Ãâ€"4=8 / 2Ãâ€"2=4Restrict website access to only what customer needs, disable account log-in after 3 failed log-in attempts, require multifactor authentication to access sensitive data Malicious code2x4=8 / 2Ãâ€"2=42Ãâ€"4=8 / 2Ãâ€"2=42Ãâ€"4=8 / 2Ãâ€"2=4Software updates and patches, anti-virus and anti-spam software pdates, firewall configuration, employee training Malicious insider1x4=4 / 1Ãâ€"2=21Ãâ€"4=4 / 1Ãâ€"2=21Ãâ€"4=4 / 1Ãâ€"2=2Employee screening, disable account access fo r terminated employees, require multifactor authentication for access to data servers, least privilege, separation of duty Phishing & social engineering 2Ãâ€"3=6 / 1Ãâ€"3=32Ãâ€"3=6 / 1Ãâ€"3=32Ãâ€"3=6 / 1Ãâ€"3=3Employee training, least privilege, separation of duty Stolen devices2x4=8 / 2Ãâ€"1=22Ãâ€"4=8 / 2Ãâ€"1=22Ãâ€"4=8 / 2Ãâ€"1=2Hard drive encryption, remote data wipe capability Botnets 3Ãâ€"3=9 / 3Ãâ€"1=33Ãâ€"3=9 / 3Ãâ€"1=33Ãâ€"3=9 / 3Ãâ€"1=3Software updates and patches, anti-virus and anti-spam software updates, firewall configuration, employee training Malware3x3=9 / 3Ãâ€"1=33Ãâ€"3=9 / 3Ãâ€"1=33Ãâ€"3=9 / 3Ãâ€"1=3Software updates and patches, anti-virus and anti-spam software updates, firewall configuration, employee training Viruses, worms, trojans4x3=12 / 4Ãâ€"1=44Ãâ€"3=12 / 4Ãâ€"1=44Ãâ€"3=12 / 4Ãâ€"1=4Software updates and patches, anti-virus and anti-spam software updates, firewall configuration, employee training Table 3. Risk Analysis

Database Secuirty Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Database Secuirty - Coursework Example As such, the company ought to put in place structures that will ensure information security in two main ways, (1) authentication and authorization, and (2) general policies and procedures. The firm’s database containing all information pertaining to tenants and other aspects of the business will be stored in two main servers. These servers will be accessible by all tenants and building managers. Every database user will have a login account that will allow them access to the database. There are two general types of accounts, (1) tenant accounts for tenants, and (2) manager accounts for building managers. Each account will determine the scope of information that the given user is allowed. While manager accounts will have administrator privileges, tenant accounts will have very limited access to the database. Each login account will have a password that will be created by each user upon creation of the account. A firewall is in essence a baseline control for the securing of any network environment of any enterprise. Routers are usually integrated with a firewall. Examples include software based packet filtration and Network Address Translation. A distinct firewall that is hardware based is recommended. This is due to the disturbing fact that hackers in this time and age employ advanced technology and methodologies that they use to breach networks. A good example of this is APT (Advanced Persistent Threats). These employ advanced phishing techniques and complex algorithms. The threat posed by such security menaces may damage a company’s reputation or compromise the integrity of its confidential information, causing it to lose clientele as banks would in the case where credit card numbers are leaked. The use of a firewall supplemented by an antivirus is not sufficient to ensure information security. An intrusion detection system will be put in place. An intrusion detection system is vital for the

Leonardo da Vinci Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Leonardo da Vinci - Research Paper Example Besides, Leonardo provided ample importance to his career as an artist, but provided less importance to his personal life. Thesis statement: Leonardo da Vinci’s professional life, major accomplishments, and major influences prove that Leonardo is symbolic of the influence of Renaissance spirit on humanity in general. Earlier Life: Some important facts on Leonardo’s birth, early life, parents, childhood days, and education are examinable. First of all, he was born in the year 1452. In addition, his birthplace was in Vinci. Joanne Mattern stated that, â€Å"Leonardo da Vinci was born on April 15, 1452, in a town called Vinci, Italy† (8). His father was Ser Piero, and his mother was Caterina. His father was born in a wealthy family, but his mother was a peasant. He spent his early childhood with his mother. Later, Leonardo became under the control of his father. But Leonardo’s father did not try to be a role model to his son because he ignored Leonardoâ€℠¢s mother. For instance, Leonardo’s father married Albiera and Francesca Lanfredini. In short, Leonardo was raised in Florence, under the direct control of his father, and this deeply influenced his later life. But this did not affect his education because he received education in the Latin language, geometry, and math. Besides, hardships in early life helped Leonardo to turn his attention towards nature and to observe human relationship with nature. At the same time, Leonardo considered that art can help him to acquire mastery in different fields. Besides, he did not hesitate to learn new things in his life. So, one can see that all these factors molded Leonardo’s character. Personal life From a different angle of view, Leonardo considered that one’s personal life should not be shared with others. To be specific, his lifelong bachelorship, career centrism, and workaholic attitude hindered him from creating intimate relationships with women. Besides, his earlier life with his father may have instilled the feeling of hatred towards married life. But one must not misunderstand that Leonardo was not able to create and maintain cordial friendship with womenfolk. For instance, Leonardo maintained lifelong relationship with two women, named Beatrice and Isabella. Leonardo’s relationship with these women was so intimate because he painted Isabella’s portrait and carried the same with him. This proves that some women were allowed to enter Leonardo’s private domain without any restriction. From a different angle of view, Leonardo provided ample importance to his career and it reduced the scope of marriage in his life. In addition, Leonardo was a strict vegetarian. As an individual who is deeply interested in nature, vegetarianism and consideration towards living things deeply influenced his life philosophy. At the same time, Leonardo maintained a number of male friends in his private life. This helped him to be in touch with ot her fields of knowledge like mathematics, architecture, and military science. But Leonardo never disclosed his sexuality and never allowed strangers to enter his private circle. He passed away in the 16th century (say, in the year 1519). Professional life: Leonardo started his professional life with Verrocchio. John Malam stated that, â€Å"When Leonardo was in his teens, his father took him to the city of Florence to meet Andrea del Verrocchio, who was a well known artist†

The Strategy of the World's Largest Producer of Bearings Case Study - 10

The Strategy of the World's Largest Producer of Bearings - Case Study Example SKF has been contacted by ITC, its major distributor in the United States in order to participate in a reverse auction by Steelcorps, one of SKF's customers through ITC. The process of procurement will award the lowest bid in terms of price for the raw materials that Steelcorp needs, and with SKF as its major supplier of bearings during the past couple of years, the latter is expected to join the reverse auction.Answering the invitation and participating in the reverse auction is not an easy choice to make for the executives of SKF, however. The executives are on a crossroad between two major decisions: to join or not to join the reverse auction.If SKF joins the reverse auction, it signals the whole industry about the change in its value proposition, which is to deliver excellent services at a premium – a more for more strategy in the value proposition matrix (Fathy & Smithee 1999). If it joins the reverse auction where the winner will be determined based on the lowest price o f the bid, the company becomes inconsistent with its strategy and it blurs what its brand stands for; this is one of the considerations. On the other hand, Steelcorp is one of the company's major source of revenues through ITC, its biggest distributor in the US. ITC relies on SKF with the latter's high mark up an allowance for ITC, as ITC needs the profit margins from the SKF sales to Steelcorp in order to boost its profitability. Because of the recession, SKF's revenue targets are 5% lower than the previous year; dropping the Steelcorp reverse auction will also substantially affect its profitability for the current year. These are the complications.

IMF's Stuctural Adjustment Programme Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

IMF's Stuctural Adjustment Programme - Essay Example Some of the conditions that third world debtors needed to fulfill were devaluing currency, import liberalization, privatisation, "cuts in government expenditure", continued debt servicing, economic development focused on exporting goods and moratorium on hiring and pay increases for both public and private sectors (Kreye and Schubert,1988, p.264). "The structural adjustment scheme was primarily implemented to address balance of payments issues". These issues were largely generated by internal conditions such as high inflation rates, budget deficits or inefficient allocation of resources. The IMF assumed that in order to recover from the debts, third world countries must tighten its expenditures and divert them to more productive domestic investments. However, tightening the belt meant reduced government subsidies on food and services, higher interest rates, more lay-offs, higher interest rates and taxes. The scheme inadvertently affected the poorest segments of the third world country. Ferraro and Rosser (1994) noted that instead of easing the burden debt, the policies of the IMF appeared to drive the country into further debts. The IMF's policies with exclusive emphasis on internal economic improvements failed to consider external factors such as oil price movements or global recession that might affect the fiscal positions of the third world nations. ... emphasis on internal economic improvements failed to consider external factors such as oil price movements or global recession that might affect the fiscal positions of the third world nations. Their policies had pushed the heavily indebted countries into more desperate conditions and the future of economic growth in these countries was hampered. The structural adjustment programmes were perceived as benefiting more the creditors than debtor countries. In addition, the foundation of the SAP framework was rooted in neoliberalisation and an emphasis on export capacities of debtor countries. The SAP also would require the poor country to be integrated into the international market economy. Most of the poor nations hardly had the right political and economic structures that would address the demands of the IMF SAP. Instead of easing the burden of debt, SAP appeared to have driven the poor countries into dire positions. The intent of the SAP was to remove any government controls over key economic sectors to induce a free market financial condition. Socio-Economic Impact of IMF SAP The inappropriateness of IMF structural adjustment programmes could be seen in various aspects of socio-economic structures of a debtor country. The stringent conditions imposed by the SAP on the debtor countries as a requisite to avail of the IMF financing has affected the poor nation's socio-economic fundamentals. Currency Devaluation The currency devaluation requisite of the IMF SAP meant that the population would experience increases in basic cost of goods formerly accessible. In addition, essential items like agricultural machineries, medicines and other provisions included in the development project would be expensive (Riddell, 1992, p.57). The purchasing power of the local currency

Sunshine State Share Dealing Limited (SSSDL) Support System Essay

Sunshine State Share Dealing Limited (SSSDL) Support System Development - Essay Example This research will offer a deep insight into the system’s business and IT-based aspects. This paper will also outline some opportunities and challenges that Sunshine State has faced in the development of the system. During the system development for the Sunshine State Share Dealing Limited (SSSDL) business, the management has faced a lot of problems and challenges. The new project at the Sunshine State is about handling and managing its large business departments. In this scenario, the business has faced a lot of challenges regarding this system implementation. In this scenario, the main challenge is about the software development that was essential to support all the business processes. Additionally, in this large size project the basic challenge was to meet the needs and requirements of all the type of system users, for instance, management, customers, and working staff. In addition, the new system was indented to fulfill all the working aspects of users, since this system was a multi-site, multi-supplier, multi-system project. Moreover, another main challenge was to meet the project deadline that simply could not be missed. Thus, all these challenges and issues made this project more sensitiv e to manage and develop. This section outlines some of the key factors in the successful development of the Share Dealing system. Sunshine State Share Dealing Limited deals with more than 5 million customers and covers around 20% of the Australian mortgage market. Thus, to manage such a large size business the manual and paper-based techniques were not helpful. In this scenario, Sunshine State Share Dealing Limited was also competing on an equal footing with the existing 4 major banks and to raise the capital they decided to abandon their traditional mutual status. In this working environment, the business was not able to gain a better competitive edge and effective market through the traditional ways of working and business management technology.

Cyclermate Report Essay Example for Free

Cyclermate Report Essay I. An executive summary Dai Armstrong and Lewis Llewellyn are the two men who planned to open their own company after being superfluous due to the shutting down of the steel plants in their town of South Wales were Dai Armstrong and Lewis Llewellyn. They became good friends because of taking part in the local club of cycle touring together and decided to start Cyclermate, which was a bicycle manufacturing company that was laid down in the year 1988. In the beginning of time, Cyclermate gained a huge influence over the share of the market. The company appeared well with no problems and difficulties up to 2010, the time when the business is in trouble, it confronted lots of consequences with respect to operation human resource and finance. Therefore, the demand by purchasers fell continue sadly even though the prices were cut down by the company; the distinguishing attributes of the goods were not up to the quality as they were earlier. The rising complaints from the customers regarding degrading quality and faults in the product and the concern by the bank manager regarding the overdraft could cause trouble if the problems are not solved as soon as possible. Because of that, the company requires a right way to deal with this issue and save it from the edge of going bankrupt. II. Introduction Based on case study research in Cyclermate Ltd. and a series of case in community, this report will work out the financial problems and various other problems confronted by Cyclermate. It has been designed to analysis the business environment and management, measured by SWOT and PET models that are required to be looked upon. The report also draws on a brief summary for the financial side of the business. In addition, this report takes into account an examination of difficulties confronted by Cyclermate and possible solution for the problems, included short and long term solutions. Another function of this report is to examine how the company could get out of the crisis and get back to the current market share. Finally, the report brings us some recommendations and conclusion of the whole Cyclermate case study. III. Analysis of Business Environment 1. PEST Analysis PEST analysis is involved in the chief external environmental that effect or control considerably a business strategy. As we can see, PEST is aimed for Political, Economic, Social and Technological matters that can affect the business. PEST is recognized to persuade it in a utile manner of summarizing the external environment. However, it may be adopted the ability of how an establishment should react to these factors. Political Factor A political factor has a powerful impact on income tax, labor law, trade restriction and many more. Company did not recruit enough workers to meet the targets and worker had to work overtime to get the work done and workers are getting paid at normal rate. Using a traditional method may harm workers health and decreased their productivity as well. These mistakes made Cyclermate become a target of health and safety agencies. They have to improve the quality or else they can be stuck in authorized issues. On the  other hand, they also need to achieve higher standard in manufacturing to meet requirements of the market, especially foreign markets. Economic Factor Cyclermate had purchased a larger storehouse for goods, which indeed was essential to them but did not suffice their requirements. Purchasing a warehouse, which fulfilled the needs of the company, could have saved a lot of money and that same money could have used in new or currently in existence projects. Another factor in economics that affects to the development of Cyclermate Ltd is labor. The unemployment rate is increasing, therefore, this is a good chance for this company to choose worker more easily, and employ them easily with affordable price. Social Factor Social factor has a powerful impact on human behavior, Cyclermate had many order but they did not have enough workforce to complete these orders. They have to work long hours in order to achieve their goals. One more important thing is that high-speed innovation as well as the increasing demands of consumers requires Cyclermate to change and improve every day. But there is a truly infact that living standard of clients could effect to their choices. The higher income distribution they get, the higher demands they re Technological Factor Cyclermate Ltd is using the oldest way to advertise their products by posting advertisement in traditional newspapers. It has limited their goods to the customers. Instead, this company can set up its own website. In addition, Cyclermate Ltd is using the oldest way to advertise their products by posting advertisement in traditional newspapers. It has limited their goods to the customers. Instead, this company can set up its own website. 2. SWOT Analysis It is a methodical technique that is utilized to categorize and identify substantial external (Opportunities and Threats) and internal (Strengths and Weaknesses) factors confronted with a specific area. (Johnson, 1993) It  renders data which are useful in corresponding the capabilities and resources to the spiritual atmosphere in which it functions and hence is a significant addition to the planning and marketing procedure. (Pearce, 2005) Let have look at the SWOT of cyclermate to understand more about the current issue that company has to face with. Strengths Direct channels of sale Cyclermate has direct channels of sales with the direct sales and direct shops; hence intermediary’s cost is largely eliminated. Reducing the cost of manufacturing could unquestionably help Cyclermate achieve a huge share of the market. As direct channels are in direct contact with the providers, thus, it could help in increasing in quantity or value of the sales and it provides a good opportunity to the providers to empathize the clients and could make required changes are per the requirement of the customers. Motivated workforce The employees at the Cyclermate are extremely pioneering and are can fully utilize and achieve any given objective or alterations in the company but they are inhibited by the administration as a result they are unable to express their views freely. The employees could have a crucial role in the company for its overall growth and development. Possession of buildings and lands Unlike Cyclermate most of the companies don’t possess either building or land and hence have to pay the heavy rents which adds to the cost but cyclermate can make any changes in the buildings and could capitalize in whichever way they wish to as they own it, which reduces the overall cost. Weaknesses Inexperience and unmotivated staffs of the company The company has made use of untrained workers. These untrained workers are not given the proper training after their employment. It is the fact that the employees and the staff are never allowed to put forward their creative and self-ideas due to the policies of the management, as a result of this  motivation in the staff is lost. Sales are decreasing in amount or degree and there is piling up of stocks in the warehouses which generates a feeling among the staff that they are not under a good management and as this feeling flourishes they lose hopes from the company and it has a very bad impact on their morale. The investors do not truly interested in the business Due to the low returns on the capital invested by the investors, they are unhappy with the performance of the company and are losing faith in it. In addition, the very fact that the shareholders were not paid any interest last year, it may result in the withdrawal of their money from the company. The quality concerns Because lack of the power to be effective of the staffs to keep up the measures of the goods and the quality of raw material utilized is leading to degraded quality of the goods eventually. Old machinery such as traditional spaying technique, painting and low-quality stock control technology needs updating as soon as possible if the business hopes to improve the production and sales in the coming time. Opportunities Take the advantages of social media Cyclermate should launch its website, which provides complete detail and range of the products available with them. Company can employ a new computer system for keeping a good database of the company. They can introduce online selling and modification according to the wish of customers. Introduction of new machines They should introduce some of the modern machinery in order to achieve higher-level productivity. Cyclermate could bring in new robotic machinery in the production process that will lead to speedy output and a superior quality of goods. Employ trained workers They have the opportunity to make use of the trained workforce, which has been recently laid off from the nearby production site. More workforce means opportunity to gain more productivity. Threats Overseas competitors As a result of the growth to a global or worldwide scale, many companies from across the globe have entered the market with products of low price and high quality, which certainly is a threat for Cyclermate as it supplies good with high cost and of lower quality. Due to recession, which is prevailing in Europe the purchasing power of people is going down. Thus, company can have reduced sales or can face financial crises. Reputation Due to poor-quality product for a period of Cyclermate’s reputation is going down and therefore people do not like to go for their products. Huge retail Merchants Retail Merchants like Argos and Halfords are captivating the market eventually and it might happen that Cyclermate may lose the market share completely. Customer threatens them to sue their company after their product was fail in delivering the good performance. IV. Analysis of Business Management 1. Financial Problems Prob. 1.1: Uncontrolled cost The main problem that company is in this situation is because of the uncontrolled cost and mismanaged budget. The costs are increasing yearly with the sales and selling price of the products going down. Let have look at the financial statement that company has  £210,800 worth of non-current assets. Loan request will be refused as company only holds cash fund of  £675 into their bank account. Costs are increasing at a rapid rate year after year. Asset turnover ratio is 2.06:1. This indicates that the profit margins for the company are very low that’s why the ratio is so high. We can also conclude from this that the company’s pricing strategy is not effective leading to lower profits. Prob. 1.2: Dealing with a big loan Creditor days – 24 days leads to the company has to pay back it its debtors in 24 days and it is just left with 675 £ of cash. The Company is liable to pay  £87,500 to the creditors and if they don’t so a legal action may be taken on them, which are not good for company’s reputation. They may talk to the creditors and ask for an extension in time for payments as they are going through financial crisis and don’t have money right now to pay back. Prob. 1.3: Lots of inventories Besides, it shows that the majority of inventories are stored and not effectively managed, that is why current ratio is at such high level, which also means low sales and low revenue gained. Moreover, the company relies on the bank loan as the main monetary support. 2. Operation Problems Prob. 2.1: Stock control system Disturbingly, materials are always in the shortage which results in the disruption of the production process recently. Although the demand is higher and higher, company cannot meet their requirement because of lacking necessary components. Prob. 2.2: Inappropriate division of duties The inappropriate division of duties obviously had made such a burden on many workers. In particular, Dai Armstrong has to deal with many tasks such as making all the frames, factory manager and business director at the same time. He himself also finds it hard to keep up the level of production (approximately 8 frames/day) because it requires the harsh physical demands. Prob. 2.3: Assembly is a complex process Moreover, assembly is a complex process, which takes 2 or 3 hours for one person. Janice Jones and Ffred Gregory often have to work overtime to catch up with the progress. As a result, their health and time issue could be heavily damaged. 3. HR Management problems Prob. 3.1: Improper workforce in manufacturing Unreasonable workforce division is one of the most serious problems of Cyclermate Ltd. Besides, lack of experienced employees and the aging workforce are worrying the production process and raising a big question for a more effective training system. Prob. 3.2: The training system creates The training system creates such obstacles for the assembly process. Typically, Fred, who is 18 years old, is a new and un-experienced person; the training for him is necessary, however, not easy at all. It takes so much time to instruct Fred in traditional way, which is apparently the cause of slow production recently. Prob. 3.3: Corporate culture The staff is highly de-motivated due to decreasing sales and profits and also the behavior of the management as in the sinking company they are not free to put up their ideas even if they do they are rejected because of the superiority of the management. V. Solution A. Short term and immediate planning 1. Financial problems: Solution 1.1: Cost in selling and distribution Cost in selling and distribution could be possible declined to save more money for the company such as cutting cost for postage and courier charges by substituting by cheaper service, as well as the travelling and hospitality. Those indirect costs contribute such high cost to the manufacturing of the cycles, restricting them would help boost the sales with cheaper price. Solution 1.2: Ask for trading debtors to repay The solution to this issue is that they should strictly resolve and for the  trade debtors to repay the loans as soon as possible. The amount of $200,571 would help the financial situation better in the coming time. Once their assets are raised through and their liquidity are proved to be valuable enough to afford the loan, it will be beneficial for them to borrow money from the banks. Solution 1.3: Direct sale prices Cyclermate’s direct sale prices are higher than shop sale price. In order to generate healthy revenue, Cyclermate needs to reduce their direct sale price. By reducing the direct sale prices will increase their sale and it will be easy for them to generate healthy revenue. 2. Operation Problems Solution 2.1: Buy stock when needed Company should only buy stock when they needed. Buying stock earlier will harm company’s financial positions, because raw material does not hold their value and it has got more chances of losing its market value. Solution 2.2: Require clear division A good answer for this problem is that the company should require clear division to who is able to undertake and separate arrangement of duties. Specifically, assigning other qualified person on frame-making position so that Mr. Dai could concentrate and dedicate himself to external relations business only. Solution 2.3: hiring more experienced labors The company should consider hiring more experienced labors for assemble line and frame-making because Mr Dai can no longer put up with the physical requirement of the task. With those simple tasks like packaging, it is acceptable for free hand employees to help out, but only when they finished all their tasks. 3. HR Management problems Solution 3.1: Employ cheaper labors In this case, the company can consider employ cheaper labors that are  suggested by Maldwyn Jones: Chinese or Taiwanese labor to make the machine for them- much better quality but half the price and move Idris Pugh to higher position as a supervisor for the whole wheel-making process. Solution 3.2: Improving the staff’s skills This training program involves directly in the new changes with a purpose of improving the staff’s skills, expertise and methods to complete an error-free task, exposing them to unfamiliar ideas and of course, giving them the chance to practice task under time/speed limit. Solution 3.3: Core business value Trust in others and a firm belief in overcoming difficulties (set up new mission: overcome difficulty, minimize waste and consequence) B. Long term and efficiency improvements Present fiscal condition of Cyclermate (Accounting ratios).The acid / liquid ratio of Cyclermate is 0.76:1, which depicts Cyclermate is incapable to satisfy indebtednesses of shorter term, which mean that it would not be competent to satisfy fiscal difficulty which may happen in the time to come. The Asset turnover ratio for Cyclermate is 2.06:1. As the ratio is excessively high, this means that profit margins are very low. The pricing strategy of Cyclermate is ineffective and because of that low profit. Return on capital employed –Cyclermate has far too less returns on the capital employed, just a mere 0.11 or 11%. Debtor days –It would take Cyclermate 115 days to get back the money from debtors. Creditor days – Cyclermate has to pay back in 24 days to its debtors with a cash balance of 675 £. The financial statement of Cyclermate shows that it has non-current assets which is of worth  £210,800.Any request regarding a loan from the bank will be refused as it has a mere cash balance of  £675. It may get a loan based on the position of its non-current assets. In place of the above-discussed alternative, it can sell its freehold land, which is worth  £160,000, and use the proceeds from the sale in the business. Cyclermate could acquire funds if they pursue its trade debtors to pay off soon. Debtors worth  £200,571 are to be recovered and the funds would be acquired soon if the debtors do not  default and pay in full. Once it has sufficient fund, Cyclermate could apply for the bank loan. VI. Conclusion Overall, Cyclermate will have a better future if they operate their business in slightly different ways. Cyclermate products were famous for its quality and price,if the company still provide what the consumer wants than it would be no harm to the company. But there few changes needs to be changed and once the new rules and regulation apply into the business than it would be a great opportunity for Cyclermate to operate their services. Moreover, With the movement of new threats into the marketplace the present systematic plan of action of Cyclermate is continuously below the acceptable level in its performance due to the fact that the new firms and the existing organizations are coming up with improved quality of products at a cheaper price VII. Recommendations The company must sign up correct individual as per the requirement of the position. Currently the management is interfering in the process of production and is unable to focus of the activities they should be concerned. The financial hardships through which Cyclermate is going through at present could be resolved by selling the unused stock that is piled up in the warehouse. In order to generate revenues and funds to invest in other arena of the company, Cyclermate must sell its freehold land that would certainly generate high revenue. In order to achieve higher output and productivity, modern technology should be applied in the production process. Installing a computer database through which the management could look into all the important and relevant data as and when required. Cyclermate should launch its website, which provides complete detail and range of the products available with them. Reducing both direct sales prices so as to sell the current stock and trade debtors. Employing young and trained workforce that is fit for the position.